The defensive system of the Byzantine capital, preserved from the 5th century A.D. It was built to protect the city from the raids of barbarian tribes. The walls have survived to this day in good condition, largely thanks to the Ottoman conquerors.

After the conquest of Constantinople, they restored all the buildings. In the first half of the 20th century, the walls began to be dismantled, but in the 80s. it was decided to restore.

The inner and outer parts of the walls are separated by a moat. At certain distances, watchtowers were erected, some of them with gates. It is more convenient to start the inspection from the south and move to the north - from one gate to another.

Pamuk is from Turkish cotton, and kale is a castle (accent on the first syllable). In general, it is a kind of small mountain composed of calcium. Mineral water flows down it. As you know, calcium is white, plus it is moist, because water flows down. The height above sea level is 384 m. Now imagine if the street is at least +30, while there is no breeze like on the coast, everything is white and wet, the sun's rays are reflected from everywhere.